ABSTRACT
Ethnobotany approached through ethnoeducation allows for the preservation of the cultural heritage of indigenous communities. In this way, the ethnobotanical knowledge of primary school students from the Paniquita Indigenous Community was recognized, regarding the cultural knowledge of medicinal plants and their significance in the conservation of the biocultural heritage. This research had a qualitative, ethnographic approach. The sample consisted of ten students who were part of a focus group, ethnobotanical walks, and participatory workshops with drawings since they stimulate students' creative and dynamic thinking and strengthen interculturality. Twenty-one plants were reported, which are used to relieve sore throats, headaches, and stomach aches, as well as to treat diarrhea and fever, to prevent flu, and as a purgative. All the medicinal plants mentioned grow in the community and are either cultivated or wild, which also shows the students' knowledge of the ir territory. These findings reflect the importance of ethno-education and ethnobotany at school and how historical reconstruction processes are generated from these settings, where indigenous ancestral knowledge is made visible.
La etnobotánica abordada desde la etnoeducación permite mantener el legado cultural de los pueblos originarios. De esta manera, se reconoció el conocimiento etnobotáni co de los estudiantes de primaria de la Comunidad Indígena Paniquita, sobre el conocimiento cultural de las plantas medicinales y su importancia para la conservación del patrimonio biocultural. La investigación tuvo un enfoque cualitativo y etnográfico. La muestra estuvo conformada por diez estudiantes que formaron parte de un grupo focal, caminatas etnobotánicas y talleres participativos con dibujos, ya que estimulan el pensamiento creativo y dinámico de los estudiantes y fortalecen la interculturalidad. Se reportaron 21 plantas que se utilizan para aliviar dolores de garganta, cabeza y estómago, así como para tratar la diarrea y la fiebre, para prevenir la gripe y como purgante. Todas las plantas medicinales mencionadas crecen en la comunidad y son cultivadas o silvestres, lo que también demuestra el conocimiento que los estudiantes tienen de su territorio. Estos hallazgos reflejan la importancia de la etnoeducación y la etnobotánica en la escuela y cómo se generan procesos de reconstrucción histórica desde estos escenarios, donde se visibiliza el conocimiento ancestral indígena.
Subject(s)
Ethnobotany , Herbal Medicine , Colombia , Medicine, TraditionalABSTRACT
Resumo A valorização e o registro do conhecimento tradicional sobre plantas medicinais é objetivo de políticas públicas nacionais e estaduais. Nesse sentido, a Política Intersetorial de Plantas Medicinais e Fitoterápicos no Rio Grande do Sul preconiza, dentre outros aspectos, estimular a pesquisa sobre plantas medicinais, priorizando as espécies nativas. Verifica-se a redução da ocorrência das espécies medicinais levando à perda do conhecimento tradicional devido à redução das áreas naturais e à desvalorização dos saberes tradicionais pelas novas gerações. Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho visou realizar pesquisas bibliográfica e documental sobre o uso de plantas medicinais no Rio Grande do Sul e consolidar esses estudos compondo material para a compilação de uma listagem única das espécies mais utilizadas com fins medicinais no estado. Utilizou-se metodologia quanti-qualitativa com pesquisa bibliográfica e análise documental. A compilação de dados resultou em uma lista de mais de 280 espécies vegetais distribuídas em mais de 80 famílias botânicas. Verificou-se que das 20 espécies vegetais mais usadas, menos de 50% são nativas, fato muito relacionado à diversidade cultural do estado. Esse trabalho culminou na publicação da Relação Estadual de Plantas Medicinais de interesse do Sistema Único de Saúde no Rio Grande do Sul (REPLAME/RS).
Abstract The appreciation and recording of traditional knowledge about medicinal plants is the aim of state and national public policies. The Intersectoral Policy of Medicinal Plants and Herbal Medicines in Rio Grande do Sul recommends the stimulation of research on medicinal plants, giving priority to native species. There is a reduction in the occurrence of medicinal species leading to the loss of traditional knowledge due to the reduction of natural areas and the devaluation of traditional knowledge by the new generations. This study aimed to perform bibliographical and documentary research on the use of medicinal plants in Rio Grande do Sul and to consolidate these studies in order to compose material for the compilation of a single list of the most commonly used plant species for medicinal purposes in the state. It was used a quanti-qualitative methodology with bibliographical research and document analysis. Data collection resulted in a list of more than 280 plant species distributed in more than 80 botanical families. It was found that of the 20 species most commonly used, less than 50% are native, a fact closely related to the cultural diversity of the state. This work culminated in the publication of the State Relation of Medicinal Plants of interest to the Brazilian Unified Health System in the Rio Grande do Sul (REPLAME/RS).
Subject(s)
Plants, Medicinal , Medicine, Traditional , Pharmaceutical Services , Unified Health System , Complementary Therapies , Brazil , Health Policy , PhytotherapyABSTRACT
Objective:To study the resources and medicinal use of Tibetan medicine Codonopsis canescens，analyze its suitable habitat，and protect its wild resources，in order to provide an important reference basis for further rational development and utilization. Method:Combined investigation methods of literature textual research，visiting investigation and on-the-spot investigation were adopted. Result:In this paper，we investigated the resources and medicinal use of C. canescens in 27 cities and counties of Sichuan，Qinghai and Tibet. Compared with historical records of C. canescens，the results showed that there was no obvious change in the distribution range，and the distribution was uneven in different places. Ganzi Prefecture， Sichuan， boasts rich resources； in particular， Luhuo county has as high as 90-120 plants/100 m2， it is estimated that the reserves per unit area of root C. canescens in this area were 3 445.32 g·m-2，which totaled 1 279.18 ton（1 ton=1 000 kg）. In history，the root is the main medicinal part. However， in recent years，in order to protect resources，the aboveground part is frequently used. The clinical efficacy of Tibetan medicine is mainly to tonify Qi and activate blood circulation. It can be combined with other drugs to treat rheumatism，sores，furuncle，carbuncle and other diseases. However，the plants of Codonopsis are mixed with C. canescens in each Tibetan area，and the mixed varieties are determined according to the growing varieties of the same genus in this area. Conclusion:The reserves of wild resources of C. canescens are decreasing with the increase of clinical use and market demand of Tibetan medicine. There is serious mixture of Codonopsis plants in Tibetan areas. It is suggested paying attention to resource protection，carrying out artificial planting，establishing the standard for the medicinal use of Tibetan medicine，and promote rational and sustainable utilization of resources.
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Resumen Este estudio pretende reportar la evidencia actual sobre el uso medicinal de cannabis existente en la base de datos Scopus. Se llevó a cabo una revisión sistemática de las publicaciones científicas, entre el periodo 2013-2017, disponibles en Scopus sobre el uso medicinal de cannabis. Estados Unidos es el país con mayor cantidad de publicaciones, seguido de Canadá e Israel; existiendo un aumento progresivo y constante de la evidencia entre los años 2013 y 2017. Los contenidos de las publicaciones versan sobre efectos beneficiosos y adversos para la salud, consecuencias de la legislación del cannabis y su asociación con diversas variables. Existe una falta de estudios en uso medicinal de cannabis respecto a tratamientos y enfermedades, su estandarización, vías de administración y dosis, dando cuenta de la necesidad de un volumen mayor de investigaciones al respecto.
Abstract This study aims to report the current evidence on the medicinal use of cannabis in the Scopus database. A systematic review of the scientific publications was carried out, between the period 2013-2017, available in Scopus on the medicinal use of cannabis. The United States is the country with the most publications, followed by Canada and Israel; there is a progressive and constant increase in the evidence between 2013 and 2017. The contents of the publications are about beneficial and adverse effects on health, the consequences of cannabis legislation and its association with various variables. There is a lack of studies on the medicinal use of cannabis in relation to treatments and diseases, its standardization, administration routes and doses, giving account of the need for a greater volume of research in this regard.
Subject(s)
Humans , Complementary Therapies , Cannabis , Medical Marijuana/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Resumo Trata-se de uma revisão não sistemática da literatura, descritiva, exploratória e de caráter qualitativo. Tem o objetivo de descrever a importância do uso medicinal da Cannabis sativa apontando as representações sociais sobre a temática, com vistas a reduzir a falta de informação sobre a substância. Diante do cenário de preconceito em relação à cannabis, avalia-se que são inúmeros os dados históricos sobre o consumo da substância, além dos consistentes estudos sobre o seu uso medicinal. Porém, ainda há necessidade de formular ou adotar outras estratégias que sirvam de subsídio à formação de profissionais, principalmente das áreas de saúde, e que sejam aplicadas em suas práticas futuras de intervenção junto aos usuários de cannabis medicinal, bem como de se implementar políticas públicas de educação e promoção da saúde. A abordagem sobre o consumo medicinal da Cannabis sativa surgiu após a veiculação, através da mídia televisiva, de uma entrevista sobre Anny Fisher, criança portadora de uma síndrome rara que causava diversos episódios de convulsão ao dia, e que após o uso do Canabidiol, um medicamento à base de maconha, percebeu uma diminuição considerável das crises convulsivas. A partir da constatação de que um simples medicamento poderia minimizar a dor de muitas pessoas e de que todo o preconceito que envolve essa substância não tem nenhum respaldo científico, famílias de pacientes decidiram travar uma batalha jurídica, política e social no sentido de conseguir a autorização da Anvisa para a importação do produto para uso medicinal.
This study aims to describe the importance of the medicinal use of Cannabis sativa, pointing out the social representations on the subject to reduce the lack of information about the substance. This is a non-systematic review of the literature, descriptive, exploratory and qualitative. In view of the scenario of prejudice against cannabis, this investigation concluded that despite the many historical data on the consumption of the substance and the consistent studies on its medicinal use, there is still a need to formulate/ change strategies that serve as subsidies / data to base the training of professionals, especially in the health areas, to be applied both in their future practices of intervention among users of medicinal cannabis and in the implementation of public policies of education and health promotion. The issue of medicinal consumption of cannabis sativa started after the television media broadcast of an interview about a child, Anny Fisher, who had a rare syndrome that caused major episodes of seizures a day, which considerably decrease after the use of Cannabidiol, a marijuana-based drug. From the finding that a simple drug could minimize the pain of many people and that all the prejudice that involves this substance has no scientific support, some families decided to wage a great legal, political and social battle to achieve with the regulatory body, in this case ANVISA, authorization to import the product for medicinal use.
Esta es una revisión no sistemática de la literatura, descriptiva, exploratoria y cualitativa. Su objetivo es describir la importancia del uso medicinal del Cannabis sativa, señalando las representaciones sociales sobre el tema, con el fin de reducir la falta de información sobre la sustancia. En vista de la situación de prejuicio en relación con el cannabis, hay muchos datos sobre el consumo de la sustancia y estudios coherentes sobre su uso medicinal. Sin embargo, es necesario formular o adoptar otras estrategias que contribuyan a la formación de profesionales, principalmente en las áreas de salud, y que deben aplicarse en sus futuras prácticas de intervención con los usuarios de medicamentos cannabis, así como en la implantación de políticas públicas de promoción de la educación y la salud. El enfoque en el uso medicamentoso de cannabis sativa ha surgido tras la divulgación de una entrevista sobre Anny Fisher en la televisión, una niña que tenía una enfermedad desconocida que le causaba varias crisis de convulsión durante el día, y que el tratamiento con cannabidiol, una medicación con base en la marihuana, resultó una disminución de las crisis. Del hallazgo de que una simple medicación podría minimizar el dolor de muchas personas y del perjuicio en cuanto a esta sustancia que no tiene base científica, algunas familias deciden a ir a los tribunales, en una lucha política y social para lograr la regulación de la Anvisa para importar el producto para uso medicinal.
Subject(s)
Humans , Patient Advocacy , Cannabis , Medical Marijuana , Health PromotionABSTRACT
Aim: To explore and collect data about ethno-botanical and ethno-medicinal uses of wild leguminous plants, growing in three tehsils of district Rajouri. Study Design: Data about the various wild leguminous plants growing in the study area was gathered from the local people with the help of a self designed questionnaire. Place and Duration of Study: Three tehsils (Nowshera, Sunderbani and Rajouri) of district Rajouri were visited for complete 2 year i.e. March 2012 to March 2014. Methodology: Periodic field trips were conducted in rural and mountainous areas of the study area. During these trips, personal interviews were conducted with locals of the study area. These included the nomads (Gujjars and Bakkarwals), livestock rears, elderly community members, traditional healers and practitioners. These people were specifically interviewed for the traditional knowledge about legumes. Results: A total of 51 species of family Fabaceae were collected from the study areas. These species cover an altitudinal gradient of 426-1015 masl and are known by different local names. Out of the 51enlisted legume species, only 43 were found to carry immense ethno-botanical and ethno-medicinal importance. Conclusion: Legumes are of huge importance to human beings. The plants species enlisted and studied in the present communication represent low priced and regionally available quality nutrition for the local people. Detailed work is needed on the same aspect that will further enhance our understanding about the medicinal and nutritional values of ethno-botanically and ethno-medicinally important plant species of the family Fabaceae.
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Objetivo. Identificar plantas con valor de uso medicinal usadas en la comunidad de San Basilio de Palenque entre el 2009 y el 2014. Métodos. Se utilizó el enfoque metodológico consenso de informantes. Resultados. Se registró el uso medicinal de 135 plantas, de las cuales se identificaron 57 especies y 124 géneros pertenecientes a 58 familias botánicas. Lo anterior permitió establecer la relación entre la historia social de usos medicinales que vincula a África y América, así como una clasificación por temperaturas (frío-caliente) que enlazan directamente el ciclo de vida de la planta, el territorio y el cuerpo humano. Los resultados indican una relación ser humano-territorio-uso medicinal, lo que determina la posología del tratamiento y el ciclo vital de la planta.
Objective. Identify plants with value ofmedicinal use in the community ofSan Basilio de Palenque between 2009 and 2014. Methods. It was used the informants consensus methodological approach. Results. It was registered 135 medicinal plants, of which 57 species and 124 genera belonging to 58 botanical families were identified. This allowed to establish the relationship between social history of medicinal uses linking Africa and America, as well as a classification temperature (cold-hot) that directly link the life cycle of the plant, the territory and the human body. The results indicate a relationship between human being-territory-medicinal use, which determines the dosage of the treatment and the life cycle of the plant.
Subject(s)
Humans , Medicine, Traditional , Botany , Ethnobotany , MedicineABSTRACT
This work describes the local knowledge of the medicinal use of Stryphnodendron rotundifolium Mart., Fabaceae, according to informants in two areas of the Araripe bioregion, in the Northeast Region of Brazil. We used interviews to investigate the ethnomedicinal use of the local species to determine the mode of use, frequency of administration, duration of treatment and restrictions of use. In traditional medicine, the use of S. rotundifolium is associated with the treatment of inflammatory and infectious diseases. The part of the plant most used was the stem bark (86.11%), the predominant mode of preparation was immersion in water (52.83%), and oral administration was the most cited (48.43%). For inflammatory and infectious diseases, the treatment lasted 3-10 days and the frequency of administration was 2-3 times/day. For gastroprotective effects, treatment lasted up to 30 days, and the herb was administered 1-3 times/day. For pain complaints, the therapy varied from 2-3 days to continuous administration.The informants (46.87%) did not mention restrictions of use, except for pregnant women, with a rate of 25%. A comparison of these results with the ethnopharmacological information from other studies showed that some of the traditional indications are scientifically supported by the literature or clinical studies. Nevertheless, the results showed that pharmacologists have not fully investigated all the possible bioactivities that healers credit to this plant. .
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Botanical origin is one of the most important subjects for ensuring the quality of crude drugs. In this review the author discusses plant parts for medicinal use, especially their Latin names, and scientific names for original crude drug plants.<br>In Japanese Pharmacopoeia (JP) there are several crude drugs whose Latin names are controversial. For example, Opiopogonis Tuber should be corrected to Opiopogonis Radix. The descriptive style of scientific plant specie names in JP is often different from that adopted in taxonomy. A table showing differences between the two styles is given. Examples of crude drugs are given, in which additional plant species are defined in the 16 th JP based on the research work with market samples. Also, comparisons of the botanical origins of crude drugs are made between JP and CP (Chinese Pharmacopoeia).
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The survival and sustenance of man depends largely on plants which generate directly 87 percent of its food needs and constitute a source of basic health care in developing countries. Based on socio-economic surveys and field observations led in the Rissani oasis (SE of Morocco), we have identified 109 species belonging to 45 botanical families and 102 genera. The distribution in families is: Lamiaceae (15.2 percent, Asteraceae (11.5 percent), Fabaceae (8.46 percent, Poaceae (8.12 percent) and Apiaceae (6.75 percent). The species used in traditional medicine correspond to 57.8 percent, for food 10.1 percent and for other uses 28.4 percent. Of these species, 10.1 percent are cultivated, naturalized, introduced and/or weeds. Byproducts of 46.8 percent of these species are imported from other regions of Morocco and locally marketed. Many medicinal species from this area are not recognized by the inhabitants, and their sensitization towards the use and conservation of local plant diversity is needed.
La supervivencia y sustentabilidad de la humanidad depende en gran medida de las plantas. Estas satisfacen directamente el 87 por ciento de sus necesidades alimenticias y constituyen, en países en desarrollo, una fuente para el cuidado de salud. Basados en estudios y observaciones de campo realizadas en el oasis de Rissani (SE de Marruecos), hemos identificado las 109 especies de plantas más utilizadas que pertenecen a 45 familias y 102 géneros. La distribución por familia es: Lamiaceae (15.2 por ciento), Asteraceae (11.5 por ciento), Fabaceae (8.46 por ciento), Proaceae (8.12 por ciento) y Apiaceae (6.75 por ciento). Las especies utilizadas en medicina tradicional corresponden al 57.8 por ciento, en alimentación 28.5 por ciento y para usos múltiples 28.4 por ciento. De estas especies el 10.1 por ciento son cultivadas, naturalizadas, introducidas y/o corresponden a malezas. Subproductos del 48.8 por ciento de estas especies son importados de otras regiones de Marrueco para su comercialización. Muchas de las especies medicinales no son reconocidas por los habitantes del oasis y es necesario sensibilizarlos en relación a su utilización y conservación.